Jade
Jade is a mineral used as jewellery or for ornaments. It is typically green, although may be yellow or white. Jade can refer to either of two different silicate minerals: nephrite (a silicate of calcium and magnesium in the amphibole group of minerals), or jadeite (a silicate of sodium and aluminium in the pyroxene group of minerals).Jade is well known for its ornamental use in East Asian, South Asian, and Southeast Asian art. It is commonly used in Latin America, such as Mexico and Guatemala. The use of jade in Mesoamerica for symbolic and ideological ritual was influenced by its rarity and value among pre-Columbian Mesoamerican cultures, such as the Olmecs, the Maya, and other ancient civilizations of the Valley of Mexico.
The English word "jade" is derived from the Spanish term piedra de ijada, which means 'loin stone', as it was believed to cure ailments of the loins and kidneys. Jadeite, a type of jade, was imported to China from Burma starting in 1800 and became highly popular. In pre-Columbian Mesoamerica, jade was a rare and valued material, mainly sourced from the Motagua River valley in Guatemala. Jade played a crucial role in Māori culture in New Zealand, where it is called pounamu, and was used to create various tools, weapons, and ornaments. Jade has been mined in Canada since the 1970s, and it is also found in Russia, where it is used in jewelry production.
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